I believe that everyone is no stranger to Linux. Many students have headaches when learning Linux, feel that it is difficult to learn, and cannot remember many commands. In fact, when we are learning Linux, we should use our brains as memory, and Not a hard drive.
help command
There are many commands in Linux, and commands also have many parameters, so how do we learn? We can use the help documentation, here are 3 help commands:
Man: man is the abbreviation of manual. If you have a problem, find a man. It was a joke at the time.
The use of the man command is also very simple, an example is as follows:
man ls
man is also a command, divided into 9 chapters, you can use the man command to get help from man:
man man
command format
Terminal commands consist of:
command [-options] [parameter]
command: command name,
[-options]: options, there can be zero, one or more options, multiple options can be combined, the options of the command are used to adjust the function of the command
[parameter]: parameter, there can be zero, one or more parameters, the parameter is the operation object of the command, general files, directories, users and processes can be operated by the command as parameters
[]: represents optional
view directory command
In Linux, everything is a file, and there is no concept of drive letter in Linux. All files are in the root directory. Next, let's take a look at the commands to view the directory.
ls command: List the contents of the folder, ls can only view one level of directory information:
ls # View the contents of the current folder
ls /bin # View the files in the bin directory
tree command: Display directory information in a tree-like manner, and tree can view multi-level directory information.
tree # Display the current directory information in a tree view
tree /bin # If you are prompted that there is no tree command, you can install it through apt install tree
pwd command: View the current directory path, which is the abbreviation of print work directory.
switch directory command
cd command: switch directory, which is the abbreviation of change directory.
touch command: create the specified file
touch abc.txt # Files in Linux can have no suffix
touch a b c # Can create multiple files at once
mkdir command: create a directory (folder)
mkdir movie # Create the movie directory
mkdir a b c # Create a b c directory
If I want to create a two-level directory, try:
mkdir movie/active # Want to create the active directory under movie, and the movie directory has not been created mkdir: cannot create directory 'movie/active': No such file or directory
This is what we can do with the option -p:
mkdir movie/active -p # There is no order between options and parameters, you can write that first
rm command: delete the specified file or directory
rmdir command: remove empty directories
Copy, move files and directories commands
cp command: copy files, copy directories
mv command: move files, move directories, rename
View file content command
cat command: display text content to the terminal
head command: view the beginning of a file
tail command: view end of file
wc command: statistics file content information
Compress and decompress commands
tar 命令：压缩和解压缩命令
Compress into a .gz file:
tar -zcvf backup.tar.gz *.txt
Extract the .gz file:
tar -zxvf backup.tar.gz
Unzip to the specified directory:
tar -zxvf backup.tar.gz -C /tmp/
User and User Group Management
useradd command: create (add) a user
groupadd command: create (add) user groups
file permission command
Chmod: Change file permissions
network management
ifconfig command: configure and display the network parameters of the Linux system network card
ip Command: Network Configuration Tool
ping command: test network connectivity between hosts
telnet command: log in to the remote host and manage (test whether the IP port is connected)
traceroute command: show the path of packets to the host
netstat command: View network system status information in Linux
ss command: Another tool included with the iproute2 package that allows you to query statistics about sockets.
nc command: used to set up the router
host command: commonly used analysis domain name query tool
nslookup command: tool for querying domain name DNS information
package manager
apt-get installation: apt-get install package_name
Yum installation: yum install package_name
Process related
ps command: command used to report the process status of the current system
pstree command: show the derivation relationship between processes in the form of a tree diagram
kill command: send relevant signals to achieve different stopping effects for the process
top command: display or manage running programs
memory check command
free command: display memory usage
Service management tool
systemctl Command: System Service Manager Commands
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